Interpreting Chinses and English Language Essay

Interpreting Chinses and English Language - Essay Example People living in their homeland are very well aware of their native language but when they travel or migrate to other countries; it gets difficult for them to communicate to people of different countries in their own language. But there is a language which is known as a universal language and that language is normally used and known by all. The language which is referred as a universal language or more appropriately known as an international passport is the English language (Translation, Interpretation and Language Links). English language is one such language which is normally known and used in most of the nations of the world. English is known as an international passport for the reason that if anybody is not aware of the language of any country, English is one such language which can help in at least communicating for a while. Let us understand this notion through an example. If a person is travelling to China for a meeting and the delegates there are not aware of the language, he will take a translator along so that he can translate the Chinese language into a common language which is normally English so that he helps that person in understanding the language through his known language. Nevertheless, translator may be of help at that point and time but a ... It happens many times that there are certain words with dual meaning but the usage of the words is done according to the context and given situation. For translating, it is important to apply rules for combining components, such as words with the background so that one may interpret it as it is said. It is also observed that traditional communications link between cultures is formed by non-native speakers, that is, individuals who are completely fluent in one (the native) language and proficient in another (the non-native language) which is normally a role of translator. Beyond translation, these individuals are also asked to provide analysis and interpretation so that the actual meaning and the context can be understood. However, it is very important to counter difficulties at the time of translation so that interpretation can be accurately done which will eliminate the factor of miscommunication or misunderstanding (Corpus-based approaches to semantic interpretation in natural language processing_(Natural Language Processing) - AI Magazine Encyclopedia_com). Thus, there are many problems in interpreting languages and when we talk about interpreting Chinese and English languages simultaneously; there are some major issues which may occur. Problems encountered while simultaneous interpretation There are times when people having command over languages may face problems due to not being aware of the actual scenario in which certain things are said. While interpreting the facts, one may encounter the following problems: Lack of relevant prior knowledge: The most common problem which is faced by the translators while translating and then interpreting Chinese to English of English to Chinese is due to the fact of not having prior knowledge.

Struktura Inc Essay Example for Free

Struktura Inc Essay * Struktura, Inc. (SI) is a corporation owned by ALCO Group of Companies. * SI is practically a machine shop that manufactures car air-conditioners for Karkon others, steel frames for PGSEP and die casting needs of electronic companies. * 1987 Sales amounted P1. 32M of which roughly 72% are derived from other companies of ALCO. * PGSEP is also testing the solar home system (SHS), a stand-alone photovoltaic energy generation unit suited for a single household. SHS unit come in two variants: the 28 watt-peak (wp) and the other is 50wp. The components of SHS, except for the solar panels, were locally available. * PGSEP will be terminated by the year-end and is worried that their efforts in propagating the technology would be useless unless it identified a group to commercialize the project. * PGSEP invited Antionio Co, SI owner to inspect SHS and examine the possibility of commercializing SHS. PGSEP’s contract with the Philippine government disallowed PGSEP from commercializing the venture. * PGSEP Director offered Mr. Co the services of PGSEP staff if the latter will agree to making Burias community as the pilot phase. In 1987 there were 3. 3 million un-electrified households of which around 387,000 â€Å"un-electrified† households were living in Region V. * Mr. Co told his consultant that SHS is categorized as SI project and requested him to come up with recommendation Statement of the problem The company is considering whether or not to diversify its operations by venturing to assemble and market SHS units to un-electrified households of the country starting in Burias, Masbate wherein 120 customers are already on the waiting list. Objective * SI should analyze well the viability of the SHS project to Burias community and its potential acceptance to other un-electrified rural areas in the country considering that SHS is an emerging product. SI should come up with a thorough and objective project feasibility study.

The Ending of Franz Kafkas Metamorphosis :: Metamorphosis essays

The Ending of Franz Kafka's Metamorphosis At first glance, the final four pages of Franz Kafka's novel The Metamorphosis seem to be meaningless. This assumption, however, is anything but the truth. The final four pages, although seeming to be of no importance, serve to show the reader how the Samsa family changes as a result of the main character's, Gregor Samsa's, death. The family's changes are best exemplified in two different scenes: the scene at the kitchen table, and the scene on the trolley. During the scene at the kitchen table, there is a common change among the family members: their new willingness to do things independently. Their bold act of writing "letters of excuse" is a clear example of their new independence. Prior to Gregor's death, the family relied completely on Gregor's financial support and had little in terms of responsibilities. Kafka explains this lack of work when he writes, "they [Gregor's parents] had formed the conviction that Gregor was set for life in his firm . . . they were so preoccupied with their immediate troubles that they had lost all consideration for the future,"(17). By taking the initiative and writing to their employers, Gregor's family proves that they no longer depend on Gregor. The scene at the kitchen table proves revealing once again when Mr. Samsa announces that he will fire the cleaning lady (17). By doing so, Mr. Samsa demonstrates that he has changed and can take responsibility. Grete (Gregor's sister) and Mrs. Samsa also show that they have changed by not contesting Mr. Samsa's decision to fire the cleaning lady. In retrospect, firing the cleaning lady is an additional step towards change from the past. The second revealing scene is the scene on the trolley. In this scene, Kafka reveals the family's plans for the future, as well as the significant changes in Grete. He also emphasizes that leaving the apartment together is "something they [the family] had not done in months"(58). Demonstrating again their change to independence. Similarly, the family's plan to buy a "smaller and cheaper apartment" (58) further proves that they have become independent. Kafka's remarks pertaining to Grete reveal a different kind of change. During all of the turmoil involving Gregor, Grete matured both physically and mentally.

Descriptive Essay Beach

Miranda Poole 2/3/13 English 101 Descriptive Essay The Beach: A Relaxing Wonderland It is spring break, in the middle of March, my junior year. As I cross the state line into Florida, I picture the ocean as being a place of peace and serenity. It’s my first time visiting the ocean, and all I can think about is hoping it is as beautiful as the pictures I have seen of it. As I arrive to the beach with all my friends, the eagerness of seeing this peaceful place is rising. I can’t wait to smell the fresh salty air, feel the soft sand between my toes, walk along the breezy shoreline.As we approach the beach, the first thing I notice is the sky. As I look into the cloudless, cerulean blue sky and see the flawlessness of life; in the distance, rolling clear-blue waves crash into each other with such force as that of football players. The sky is breathtaking along with the sounds of the waves and the tide washing onto the shore. The water reminds me of crystals shimmering in th e water with the sun reflecting off of it. As the sun sets, the sky turns into a pink hue with a bright orange sun going down into the horizon.We stroll on the beach, and my feet sink into the soft sand. I stroll along, and the grainy, slick, brown sugar sand pulls my bare feet under and leaves a perfect imprint. I pick up a handful and sift it from my palm slowly, feeling the grittiness of sand with each finger. The view down the beach of the white, but slightly brown sand was enough to make my knees go weak. The sand is such a sensational feeling between my toes and a beautiful view against the crystal blue water. The beach is a beautiful scene of peace and tranquility. Every moment is a different scene.As I sit in my chair I can see all the sights of summer; children building sand castles along the ocean's edge, to my right I observe an elderly couple enjoying a good book. The waves crash into one another, the breeze blowing from the tide, the smell of salty ocean, and the sticky air clinging onto my skin. Charging into the ocean with vigorous splendor and utter excitement, I insert my bare feet into the sea and am taken aback by the shocking coolness of the water. Bringing myself to a halt at mid-calf, I then trudge through the soft currents that splash upon my legs. An abundance of symbiotic, vibrantly olored, and variously sized fish swarm around my feet. Their bodies brush my leg with negligence as they strive to get from one place to another. I wish to stay here forever and realize, at this point, this is where I need to come for serenity and harmony, where all things seem perfect and care free. There is nowhere in the world quite like this, so peaceful and calm. The beach is a wonderland for all ages. Whether you want to have fun in the sun, or relax while reading a good book, the beach is the place to go. The beach is an unforgettable experience that one must witness in their lifetime.

America’s Greatest Fear Essay

The Ebola virus was discovered in the late 1970s by the international community as the causative agent of major outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever in Africa’s Sudan and Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Sudan (Vasilyevich IV, et al. 2005). Immediately, the International scientific teams moved in to deal with these highly virulent epidemics where their findings revealed that the transmission had exponentially ceased; however, the team could not reconstruct a considerable data from the survivors of the epidemic. The high death rate of medical staff resulted to the closure of many medical facilities, thus doing away with major centers for dissemination of infection through the use of untreated needles, syringes and the lack of barrier-nursing techniques. The deadly Ebola virus is killing thousands of innocent people worldwide, but there are steps being taken to prevent the virus from spreading. In 1989, Ebola virus was reported in the United States of America when it appeare d in monkeys who were imported into a Reston, Virginia, primate facility outside of Washington, DC. Epidemics in monkeys which occurred in this facility and others lasted through 1992 (Georges, 1997) and recurred in 1996. Later, epidemiologic studies were conducted in connection with both epidemics and they successfully traced the virus introductions to one Philippine exporter. However, the studies failed to detect the actual cause and source of the virus. Due to political instability, scientists’ attempts to work in the remote areas where the monkeys were seized have been too small. Laboratory studies were stimulated in order to control these introduced virus outbreaks which were realized in 1989 and chimpanzee inbreed in the 1990s in order to improve diagnosis of nonhuman primate infections (Fields, et Al 1996). However, it has not been confirmed since the materials that were necessary to definitively confirm the utility of these techniques for humans were not provided. After Ebola hemorrhagic fever was discovered in Africa between 1976 and 1979, it was not seen again unti l the year 1994. It is believed by scientists that during this time, possibly it was circulating in its natural reservoir. On the other hand, the virus might have been causing sporadic human infections that remained undetected because Ebola patients never contaminated medical facilities to produce the savage nosocomial epidemics that brought Ebola virus to medical attention. Between 1981 and 1985, Ebola  virus surveillance was carried out simultaneously with intensified efforts to contain monkey pox (Vasilyevich IV, et al. 2005). This surveillance may have identified several cases and estimated the prevalence among the population; however, the findings are subject to caveats because of problems with the validity of laboratory tests. Serosurveillance in 1995 also suggested that human infections may have occurred from time to time. It is believed that the Ebola virus may have initially been transmitted to humans from bats (Renaud AA, et al. 199) Bioinformatics researchers all over the world especially those at Lancaster University in the United Kingdom, have found that there is a concrete circumstantial case that says infection by bats is likely, but renowned scientists haven’t actually found strong evidence to support this hypothesis. During the period of 1994–1996, almost five independent active sites of Ebola virus transmission were identified: Cà ´te d’Ivoire in 1994 ; Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1995 (Georges, 1997) and Gabon in 1994, 1995, and 1996 . The initially known Zaire subtype of Ebola virus and the newly discovered Cà ´te d’Ivoire subtype were both involved in the report, and as in previous African Ebola virus transmissions, the active sites were within or near tropical forests, for instance along riverine forests. Ebola outbreaks have been reported since its discovery in late 1970s. The first outbreak happened in 1976 in the Republic of Congo. The disease was spread by close personal contact. There were 318 reported cases and 280 of the people died as a result of the virus. Years later in 1995 the Republic of Congo had yet another outbreak. This time 250 of the people infected died. In 2001 in Uganda Ebola appeared out of nowhere. There were 425 reported cases of the virus, 224 of the reported cases ended in death. The biggest outbreak came as of recently, this year. There was a widespread outbreak across West African countries. Over 9,000 reported cases came from this outbreak, 4,800 of the cases resulted in death. There were some people who came in contact with the Ebola virus that were from the United States. The Ebola virus mainly attacks cells of the lymphatic organs, liver, kidney, ovaries, testes, and the cells of the reticuloendothelial system. A trademark of Ebola is liver destruction. The person infected person with the virus loses a big amount of blood. In some of the deadly cases shock and acute respiratory disorder is prevalent. Some of the victims can be delirious from the high fevers. Many people die from  the intractable shock. Research done on infectious Ebola and Marburg viruses are always done in a maximum biological containment setup popularly known as Biosafety Level 4. Biosafety Level 4 laboratories require extremely specialized equipment to prevent the spread of the pathogens that are investigated in them. Ebola is stable and remains infective at room temperature (20 °C), but it is mostly destroyed at 60 °C (Fields, et Al 1996) Its’ infectivity is also terminated by gamma and ultraviolet radiation, lipid solvents, ß-propiolactone, and commercial hypochlorite and phenolic disinfectants. Currently there is no FDA-approved vaccine available for Ebola, it is better for prevalent measures be taken as a way of reducing Ebola infections. There are numerous ways to prevent yourself from Ebola. Practice careful hygiene; hands should be washed thoroughly with soap and clean water or an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. Try as much as you can and avoid contact with blood and body fluids from uncertain people. Avoid handling items that may have come in contact with an infected person’s blood or body fluids, such as clothes, bedding, needles, and medical equipment carelessly. Some bats are believed to be reservoirs of Ebola Virus and therefore avoid contact with such bats and other nonhuman primates or raw meat prepared from these animals. Tourists and travelers should avoid facilities in West Africa where Ebola patients are being treated. Healthcare workers who may be handling people infected with Ebola follow certain steps to ensure that they do not come in contact with the virus. It is recommended for one to wear appropriate personal protective equipment including impermeable gowns, gloves, and masks. Before being allowed to care for infected patients all workers must observe proper infection control and sterilization measures. Patients with Ebola must be isolated from other patients following strict contact and droplet isolation procedures. Members of the heath care team cannot come into contact with blood or body fluids, such as, feces, saliva, urine, vomit, and semen of a person who is infected with Ebola. People who have been infected and survived the Ebola virus can also spread the virus through semen for at least ninety days after being declared virus free. The symptoms Ebola are fever, diarrhea, vomiting, severe headache, weakness, fatigue, muscle pain, abdominal pain, and unexplained bleeding or bruising. These  symptoms are one of the major reasons Ebola is transmitted so easily. These symptoms are often described as â€Å"flu-like† or â€Å"stomach flu† symptoms and are easily overlooked. The Ebola symptoms may appear anywhere from 2 to 21 days after exposure to Ebola, but in most reported cases the average is 8 to 10 days. Ebola is only transmitted when infected persons are actively showing symptoms. Currently there are only supportive treatments available to help care for Ebola patients. Patients will be given IV fluids to maintain fluid balance as Ebola is known to produce copious amounts of emesis and stool, medications to help maintain and regulate blood pressure, antipyretics for fevers, ventilation assistance for help with breathing, and dialysis if the patient does into kidney failure. There are experimental drugs that have been used in the treatment of Ebola. Drugs such as Z-Mapp and Brincidofovir have been used in patients to help beat the Ebola virus. While some patients have been successfully treated with these drugs it is also important to remember that these drugs could have many side effects and a testing has not been completed so there are still many questions to the safety and efficiency of their use. Before being approved for use in regular populations these drugs must complete clinical trials and be proven safe and effective. Patients who have survived Ebola have antibodies to the virus for about ten years. During this time they can be a vital source of help for others battling the virus. A donation of life saving plasma from a survivor to an infected person will help the person to begin developing antibodies to begin fighting the virus. To receive plasma the patients must have a matching blood type. Thousands of innocent people have died as the result of the deadly virus. Ebola has been around for over four decades and has really come into the main stream media focus. Ebola has not affected America in the ways that it has ravaged through many of the countries in Africa. To protect our families from this devastating and deadly virus we must practice impeccable hand hygiene and use good sense when travelling especially internationally. Work Cited Akinfeyeva LA, Aksyonova OI, Vasilyevich IV, et al. A case of Ebola hemorrhagic fever. Infektsionnye Bolezni (Moscow). 2005;3(1):85–88 Emond RT, Evans B, Bowen ET, et al. A case of Ebola virus infection. British Medical Journal. 1977;2(6086):541-544. Fields, Bernard, ed. † Filoviridae: Marburg and Ebola Viruses.† Field’s Virology, Third Edition. Lippincott-Raven: New York. 1996. 1161-1176. Georges AJ, Leroy EM, Renaud AA, et al. Ebola hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in Gabon, 1994-1997: epidemiologic and health control issues. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 1999;179:S65-75. Khan AS, Tshioko FK, Heymann DL, et al. The Reemergence of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 1999;179:S76-S86. Le Guenno, Bernard, P. Formenty, and C. Boesch. â€Å"Ebola Virus Outbreaks in the Ivory Coast and Liberia, 1994-1995.† Ibid. Okware SI, Omaswa FG, Zaramba S, et al. An outbreak of Ebola in Uganda. Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2002;7(12):1068-1075.

Crafting the Top-Notch Geography Essay a Guide for Successful Writing and Editing

Crafting the Top-Notch Geography Essay a Guide for Successful Writing and Editing The Key Principles of a Geography Essay The Geography essay is an obligatory assignment for all students who study geography and other related subjects, such as geology and environmental studies. One of the central aims of this type of paper is to check students’ understanding of the presented material. Besides, a professor may assign a Geography essay with the aim of encouraging students to investigate some issues or matters. This type of essay should describe or present a subject which is closely connected to Geography, for example, the factors that induce climate change, the influence of floods on the soils, or the role of the geographical information system. As a result, you should conduct in-depth research in order to receive a high mark. Apart from that, you have to create a good structure and content for your Geography essay. The process of creating the content for the essay is not an easy task because you should present your understanding of the ideas and concepts. You can extend other peoples ideas, but you have to be very careful with it since your paper should be original, unique, and free from plagiarism. What is more, you should organize your ideas in accordance with the particular essay to not confuse the readers. In general, there are plenty of essay types but you have to choose only one and strictly follow its requirements. Consequently, the most popular types of essay are going to be described to help you to select the best one which will assist you in presenting the chosen topic. Types of Essays Used in Academic Writing Generally, there are many types of essay that can be applied during the process of writing. In spite of the significant number of essay types, not all of them are appropriate for a Geography essay. For example, a narrative essay is not suitable for describing or explaining some geographic phenomenon as its central point is to tell a story. In addition, there is a great need to mention that different essay types require a specific topic to be explored due to its structure requirements. Hence, you should consider the most popular essay types to choose the most appropriate one. Descriptive Essay The primary aim of this essay type is to describe the issue or phenomenon in detail, and therefore, you should investigate the topic thoroughly. The descriptive Geographic essay requires you to present the topic of your essay from various perspectives. You have to be very careful with this essay type since you should properly cite the ideas of other people in order not to be suspected of plagiarism. Therefore, one can claim that this type of essay perfectly suits when you desire to describe or explain a particular geographic matter. Comparison and/or Contrast Essay This essay type requires you to analyze two or more subjects and present their similarities and/or differences point by point. Therefore, you have to select these subjects and compare and/or contrast them according to a few particular points. For example, you can compare and/or contrast the ways how different countries cope with the consequences of floods. Thus, you should investigate the effects of floods in each country and what measures those countries have taken. As a result, one should state that this essay type requires in-depth research and profound knowledge of the matter. Cause and Effect Essay The cause and effect essay is one of the most popular types for writing a Geography essay due to the fact that it allows you to describe one of the geographic phenomena and present its influence on the Earth. This essay type asks you to analyze the causes of a certain phenomenon or explore the results of particular events. For example, you may choose any natural calamity and demonstrate its possible effect on a specific region in the future, or you may present the real consequences of the selected geographic issue from the past. Argumentative Essay The argumentative geographic essay is supposed to make a claim that will be supported by various examples and evidence. The evidence and examples mentioned earlier should be retrieved from the reliable sources. You may begin writing your argumentative geographic essay by deciding on a particular matter, such as a controversial issue. Then, you have to conduct research to obtain as much information as possible. You should apply different kinds of information, such as observances, interviews, statistics, reports, and studies, throughout the essay to support your arguments and convince the reader. As a consequence, one may claim that this type of essay is quite complicated because you should support every single claim you make. Choose a Topic You Dont Mind Debating Usually, the professor provides you with the list of appropriate topics for your Geography essay. However, you may have to select the topic for your paper on your own. Therefore, you will be able to choose a topic of your interest and the process of writing will bring you a lot of pleasure. Therefore, the field of Geography covers plenty of contemporary issues and matters. Consequently, the spectrum of topics is broad enough, and you will not face any problems while choosing the topic for your essay. To select an appropriate topic, you should investigate the recent events and choose the most debated and discussed issue in the community. Thus, you will be able to find a significant number of reliable sources for your Geography essay. The following topics are considered to be appropriate for your paper: The Factors that Cause Earthquakes in South America The Influence of Global Warming on the North Pole How Floods Affect the United States’ Economy? The Effects of Toxic Dumping in Oceans The Role of Resource Conservation How to Select Appropriate Sources To start writing your Geography essay, you should search for some reliable sources. With the help of these sources, you will be able to find some interesting ideas and thoughts which you can develop in your paper. In general, the professor may ask you to go to the library to find appropriate sources for investigation. However, if you do not have enough time and ability to attend the library, you can use the Internet. In this case, you should ask the professor to provide you with the particular websites to avoid misunderstandings. In general, the particular websites, such as those which end in .edu and .gov, are considered to be reliable. Besides, you may find various geographic databases, online journals, and books which will help you to explore the selected topic. The list of reliable sources provided below is supposed to be appropriate for your Geography essay: GEOBASE (is a website which identifies the journal literature in various fields, such as ecology, oceanography, geomechanics, geosciences, and Earth sciences). The Geographical Review (is a website which identifies different books, articles, and publications on earth sciences and geology). GeoRef (is a scholarly journal which contains diverse essays about new fields of study in geography, and therefore, it includes various reviews of books, atlases, and monographs). Writing the Geography Essay: How to Start Moving from the Dead Point In general, there are four steps one should take to start writing the Geography essay. First of all, you have to understand the central points of the essay topic. Then, you should choose particular objects to be discussed. This step requires you to generate ideas and gather all necessary materials with the help of various credible sources mentioned in the previous paragraph. Second of all, you should create the detailed work outline. This will help you to organize and write your paper easier and quicker since you will know what exactly you should write in particular paragraph. Third of all, you should divide your writing process into fragments since you should not write the entire essay at one time. In addition to the first step, you may consider the following pre-writing strategies. The strategy which is called Brainstorming or Listing requires you to generate a lot of information within a short period of time and write it in the form of a list. With the help of this pre-writing strategy, you may create a topic sentence for each paragraph or even a thesis statement for the entire essay. To start, you have to recollect or search for some terms that are suitable for your topic. Then, you should develop those terms into ideas, and as a consequence, to explain or describe those ideas to receive a complete sentence. This type of pre-writing activity works especially well if you work in a team as some people will generate ideas while only one will write them. The next prewriting strategy is called Clustering or Mind Mapping. It allows you to expand your ideas further and explore the relationship between them. For this strategy, you have to put your central ideas in circles and draw some lines which will symbolize the arguments or supportive ideas. Besides, you should link the new ideas to the central ones with lines. Therefore, when you finish completing this pre-writing strategy, you will receive a web of ideas. Furthermore, you can apply the following pre-writing strategy which is called Freewriting. This technique is similar to Brainstorming, but here you should generate a lot of information by writing non-stop. You do not need to edit your sentences since you should focus on the ideas, but not grammar or spelling. The last pre-writing activity is called The Journalists’ Questions. The core idea of it is to ask six particular questions to yourself. Those questions include â€Å"Who?†, â€Å"What?†, â€Å"Where?†, â€Å"When?†, â€Å"Why?†, and â€Å"How?†. This kind of pre-writing activity perfectly fits the descriptive essay type since it helps you to describe the selected subject in detail. As a result, if you complete all of the techniques mentioned before, the further writing process will be much easier because you will have the accurate outline of your paper. Structure Your Geography Essay Properly This part of the writing process requires you to organize the ideas gathered during the prewriting activity. Therefore, the outline prepared beforehand can help you to write the entire essay. The structure of the Geography essay may depend on the selected essay type. Hence, if you have chosen an argumentative essay type, you have to create a paragraph for each argument. However, in general, each essay type contains Introduction, at least two Main Body paragraphs, and Conclusion. If you structure your paper correctly, the reader will perceive your ideas properly. As a consequence, the effects of toxic dumping in oceans has been taken as an example to present the approximate structure of the Geography essay. Introduction This part of the essay always contains only one paragraph. The introductory part has a peculiar structure. It begins with background information, then continues with some arguments, and ends with a thesis statement. One should mention that the thesis statement should represent the claim that will be described and supported during the entire essay. Therefore, the thesis statement like â€Å"The toxic dumping in oceans have a dramatic effect on both human beings, flora, and fauna† can be quite suitable for the chosen topic, namely the effects of toxic dumping in oceans. Apart from that, this part of the essay should not contain any direct quotations and in-text citations. As a result, it can be stated that the introduction has to be well organized to attract readers but not confuse them. Main Body The main body paragraphs should contain two and more paragraphs to support the thesis statement properly. Unlike the introductory paragraph, you are allowed to apply various quotations and in-text citations to support your claims. If you desire to insert a direct quote or in-text citation, you should strictly follow the selected referencing style. Usually, students are asked to utilize either MLA or APA referencing style in their papers. For MLA referencing style, you have to put the selected text into inverted commas, and then, you should mention the last name of the author/authors and the number of the page where you have found the inserted text. Therefore, your in-text citation should look like the following sentence â€Å"The human beings have already removed almost two-thirds of the large ocean fish. One in three fish populations has collapsed since 1950† (Author’s/authors’ last name page number).† The same sentence in APA referencing style will look l ike the following sentence â€Å"The human beings have already removed almost two-thirds of the large ocean fish, and one in three fish populations have collapsed since 1950† (Author’s/authors’ last name, year of publication).† If you desire to know more about referencing styles, you may visit the website which is called â€Å"Purdue OWL.† Conclusion The concluding part of the essay is similar to the introductory paragraph since it should be one paragraph long and should not contain any quotations and in-text citations. Furthermore, you should restate the thesis statement and support it with the help of the arguments mentioned in the main body paragraphs. You must remember that any new information should not be applied in this paragraph. In general, this part of the essay has to resemble the short version of the entire paper. Polishing Your Geography Essay to Make it Shine This part of the writing process is as important as the other ones since you can eliminate plenty of mistakes that were made during the previous steps of the writing process. To know how to polish your essay, ensure to read it again, but not immediately after having written the essay. You should put aside the text and get distracted. Therefore, when you return to your paper, you will be able to look at it from a new perspective. You should pay special attention to the particular details, such as the use of the personal pronoun â€Å"I,† contractions, and vague language. Hence, if you used the personal pronoun â€Å"I,† you should substitute it with the indefinite pronoun â€Å"one.† The contracted forms of auxiliary verbs should be replaced by full forms. The vague language has to be eliminated or substituted with suitable academic phrases. What is more, you should check not only grammar but punctuation as well since many students forget to put a comma before â€Å"and† while enumerating points and after linking words. Furthermore, you can ask your friend to check your essay for mistakes. You should remember that the selected person should have strong writing skills in order to be able to spot and explain your mistakes. Besides, you may ask the person to tell you what can be changed or added to make the paper better. As a result, if you complete most of the advice mentioned before, your Geographic essay will receive a high mark. References â€Å"Prewriting Strategies.† KU Writing Center, 25 July 2017, writing.ku.edu/prewriting-strategies. â€Å"Steps of a Basic Essay.† Nova Southeastern University, www.nova.edu/tutoring-testing/study-resources/forms/steps-to-a-basic-essay.pdf. McWhorter, Kathleen T. â€Å"The College Students Guide to Writing Five Types of Essays.† Center for Academic Support, www.missouriwestern.edu/cas/wp-content/uploads/sites/217/2015/06/FIVE-TYPES-OF-ESSAYS-Kellie-F..pdf. Australian Geography Teachers Association. â€Å"Contemporary Geographical Issues.† GeogSpace, Education Services Australia Ltd., 2013, â€Å"Department of Geography, Environment Society Writing and Research Guide.† University of Minnesota, 2018.

Atmospheric Stability and Instability

Atmospheric Stability and Instability Stability (or atmospheric stability) refers to airs tendency to either rise and create storms (instability), or to resist vertical movement (stability). The simplest way to understand how stability works is to imagine a parcel of air having a thin, flexible cover that allows it to expand but prevents the air inside from mixing with the surrounding air- as is true of a party balloon. Next, imagine that we take the balloon and force it up into the atmosphere. Since air pressure decreases with altitude, the balloon will relax and expand, and its temperature will therefore decrease. If the parcel were cooler than the surrounding air, it would be heavier (since cool air is denser than warm air); and if allowed to do so, it would sink back down to the ground. Air of this type is said to be stable. On the other hand, if we lifted our imaginary balloon and the air within it was warmer, and hence, less dense than its surrounding air, it would continue to rise until it reached a point where its temperature and that of its surroundings were equal. This type of air is classified as unstable. Lapse Rates: A Measure of Stability But meteorologists dont have to watch a balloons behavior every time they want to know atmospheric stability. They can arrive at the same answer simply by measuring the actual air temperature at various heights; this measure is called the environmental lapse rate (the term lapse having to do with temperatures decline). If the environmental lapse rate is steep- as is true when the air near the ground is significantly warmer than the air aloft- then one knows the atmosphere is unstable. But if the lapse rate is small, meaning theres relatively little change in temperature, its a good indication of a stable atmosphere. The most stable conditions occur during a temperature inversion when temperature increases (rather than decreases) with height. The easiest way to determine atmospheric stability at a glance is by using an atmospheric sounding. Edited by Tiffany Means.